Cyberbullying
and its impact on children
What is Cyberbullying?
Cyberbullying is bullying that takes place online or through digital devices such as social media, messaging apps, gaming platforms or mobile phones.
It involves repeated behaviour and intentional harm — including threats, abuse, harassment, or the sharing of harmful or embarrassing content.
Cyberbullying can look like:
- Sending abusive messages
- Spreading rumours online
- Sharing private images without consent
- Excluding someone from online communities or group chats
Digital technology is an important part of children’s lives. It supports learning, connection and participation.
The internet can help children express themselves, find information, and engage with issues that matter to them. When safety is prioritised, online spaces can support children’s growth and wellbeing.
How does cyberbullying affect children?
Cyberbullying can have a serious impact on children. It can make them feel anxious, isolated or overwhelmed, affecting both their online and offline lives. In some cases, it can lead to more serious outcomes like depression and suicide.
As digital spaces continue to change, new technologies like AI can increase risks. Harmful content can spread quickly, making it harder for children to stay safe.
A 2026 United Nations report found that around two in three children worldwide have reported an increase in cyberbullying.
What is UNICEF doing?
We work globally to protect children from all forms of violence and exploitation, including forms related to digital technologies. This includes work to promote legal and policy reforms that are in line with international human rights and help protect children from violence in the digital environment.
We also support the professional development of frontline workers and policymakers, so they are better equipped to prevent and respond to child protection risks in digital spaces.
Furthermore, we help to create initiatives that empower children, families, and communities with key skills and knowledge.
One example is the U-Report, a free and anonymous global digital platform and community for youth engagement.
It enables young people to:
- Share their views
- Access trusted information
- Act on issues that affect their lives
Through U-Report, we listen to children and young people. Their experiences help us advocate for policies that make life online safe and inclusive for young people, and provide a platform to share practical advice on staying safe online. This also helps inform campaigns that promote safer digital spaces and stronger protections for children.
The platform is used by over 39 million young people worldwide. Their voices help improve online experiences for children everywhere.
Through our Rights Respecting Schools programme in the UK, we support safe online learning. We provide remote learning resources to help children and young people explore important topics, including child rights.
You can help support our work on protecting children from harm, including those associated with digital technology, by donating today.
The U-report is used by over 39 million young people worldwide, helping us understand and improve their experiences online.
What are signs of cyberbullying?
Children experiencing cyberbullying may show changes in behaviour.
Some signs to look out for include:
- Becoming withdrawn or anxious
- Feeling unusually upset after going online or using their phone
- Avoiding social media, games or devices
- Pulling away from friendships or activities they usually enjoy
How cyberbullying can be prevented
Everyone has a role in creating safer online spaces. Children, families and communities can take practical steps to reduce harm.
This can include:
- Encouraging respectful and kind behaviour online
- Supporting children to learn about how to stay safe online
- Having conversations with friends and family about being respectful online
What to do if a child experiences cyberbullying?
If a child experiences cyberbullying, start by listening and offering reassurance. Let them know it is not their fault, and that support is available.
You can help by:
- Encouraging them to talk to a trusted adult
- Keeping a record of messages or content
- Contact the police or emergency services if the child is in immediate danger
If the situation continues, contact their school or a support organisation.
Spending time with trusted people and engaging in activities they enjoy can also help children feel supported as the situation improves.
